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| FOR THE PEOPLE
| FOR EDVCATION
| FOR SCIENCE

LIBRARY

OF

THE AMERICAN MUSE

OF

NATURAL HISTORY

BY GIFT OF
OGDEN MILLS

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COLOURED FIGURES

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BIRDS OF THE BRITISH ISLANDS.

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ISSUED BY

LORD LILFORD, F.Z.8, ETC,

PRESIDENT OF THE BRITISH ORNITHOLOGISTS UNION.
VOLUME III.

LONDON:
R. H. PORTER, 7 PRINCES STREET, CAVENDISH SQUARE, W.

1885—1897.

‘2A-93962 Son. |4f
nee
ALERE eee

ome

——_=

PRINTED BY TAYLOR AND FRANCIS,
' RED LION COURT, FLEET STREET.

i ene, a

COINAGE NT Se Oh WN OIUEM ES ir

TITLEPAGE

ConTENTS

_ Coutation or Epirions .

List oF PLAtEs
PLATES

TExtT .

COLLATION OF EDITIONS:

Tuis Work was issued

in two Editions: the First. commenced

October 1885, and the Second April 1891, both Editions ending
simultaneously ; the Plates in Volume III. appeared as follows :—

Ist Edition. 2nd Edition.
PART PART
‘ 1. ALprinn ACCENTOR Wills Septalsss: Vie duly sour
| 2. HEeDGE-SPARROW ...... Ve. June 1887. V. June 1891.
| WROD ce XXII. Dec. 1892. XVIII. Dee. 1892.
4, NIGHTINGALE ........ IX. Dec. 1888. 1X8 Octa 189i
4 _ §. Aroric BLUE-THROAT .. Jal, May 1886. JDL, Apr. 1891.
| 6. WHITE-SPOTTED BLUE- 5 3 “3
THROAT.
it EID SAU Tee 5 Secrets cy fer eis Te Oct. 1885. iL, 35
| 8., BLACK REDSTART...... re a BS ¥
| QUSTONECHAT (....5...: vu, May 1886. TU, s
4 OMAWSEEENOEUAT! 9. cab) h. i if a 4
| IDE WHEMATHAR 0. 4.cc ness L Oct. 1885. TI as
| 12. IsaBELEINE WuHEaTEAR. XXXIII. Nov.1896. XXXIII. Nov. 1896.
| 13, BLack - THROATED IL Oct. 1885. I. Apr. 1891.
i WHEATEAR.
| 14, Dusert WHEATHAR.... lie May 1886. If. 0
t 15. Rurous WARBLER ... XI. Sept. 1889. Mle) | Hebe 1692.
[ 16. Icrprine WaRrsBier....: vIil Aug. 1886. III. Apr. 1891.
17. Great Repp-WARBLER. II. May 1886. II. 5
18. Rusp-WaRBLER ...... Ill. Aug. 1886. IHL, ,
19. MarsH-WARBLER a ‘ as re
20. SEepGE-WARBLER ...... IDL, May 1886. II. 5
21. AQuaTIC WARBLER .... IX. Dec. 1888. IX. OcizAsgie
22. GRASSHOPPER WARBLER. . e es ds
23. Savis WARBLER ...... Ji May 1886. i Apres oie
} 94, DaRTFORD WARBLER .. IV. Jan. 1887. . JW ny
i; 95. WHITETHROAT........ IL, Oct. 1885. Te Rs
i 26. LessER WHITETHROAT . 100 May 1886. II. 55
4 27. GARDEN WARBLER .. Fr a x a
2D Seu NOK OUP 5. oo cian cce ans = ie Oct. 1885. i us
: 29. ORPHEAN WARBLER XV. July 1890. XXI. May 1893.
: 30. BARRED WARBLER .... Wes 7s My -
31. Woop-WaARBLER...... III. Aug. 1886. Mis. Apreisor

Sasi

“I © ou

COLLATION OF EDITIONS.

ist Edition. 2nd, Edition.
PART PART
. WILLOW-WARBLER.... Ve June 1887. VE June 1891.
. GREENISH WILLOW- XXXV. Nov. 1897. XXXV. Noy. 1897.
WARBLER.
2 CHTEEROHA THE 2 8 MG V. June 1887. Ni June 1891.
. YELLOW -BROWED a % 5 =
WARBLER.
. Pattas’s WILLOw- XXXV. Nov. 1897. XXXV. Nov. 1897.
WARBLER.
oe GORDORERT ye se os ie DV. so; Jan. 1837, Ty.' =Apr: aisoie
PoP TRM =H UST Bor gaia ete Vi June 1887. V. June 1891.
Wurrte’s THRUSH......- iit Aug. 1886. Ii, Apr: Foote
. MISTLETOE-THRUSH.... di Oct. 1885. if
. Sone-THRUSH . = ne a $5
POEUMD WARN rst siotchs wer is oe Ag as ue me
SOM TEE TIOAGT EN oSa ae et -Say sete a be ss
. BLACK-THROATED THRUSH tT: May 1886. IE 3
. SIBERIAN GROUND- XXXII. Apr. 1896. XXXII. Apr. 1896.
THRUSH.
PPS LACKB ERD en ge sess VII. Sept. 1888. VII. July 1891.
. Rine-OvuzEL.......... 1p Oct. 1885. IE Apr. 1891.
. Prep Rock-THRUSH.... = ee - a
. GoLDEN ORIOLE ...... IX. Dec. 1888. IX. Oct. 1891.
PEP PIR te ayo sel ehs-s 7+ 6 XI Sept. 1889. XI. Feb. 1892.
. BLACK-BELLIED DIPPER . 5 us a
. Prep on Common Wac- VIII. Nov. 1888. VIE Aug. 189i.
TAIL.
. GREY-BACKED WAGTAIL. 35 5 PS o
3 GREYOWAGTATE ...sje8 Vi) VAprial'sés; VI. June 1891.

39 rh dean We Mies SAA ge eo ” 3) 33 39

. BLUE-HEADED WAGTAIL.

. GREY-HEADED YELLOW

XXXII. Nov. 1896. XXXII. Nov. 1896.

WAGTAIL.

. YELLOW WaGTalIL .... VE Apr. 1888. VI. June 1891.
Ae! boi) 210 eee) XVII. Feb. 1891. XX. June 1893.
. Muapow-Prir........ IX. Dec. 1888. IX. Oct. 1891.
. RED-THROATED PIrir .. Xf. Sept. 1889. XI. = Feb. 1892.
2. (AT PUNE TP IPIC ao Solid oy. XVIII. Apr. 1891. XIX. Feb. 1893.
» ROOK= Prem 226 )2 si. ee F a = a
2 Sl a Re pan ng XV. July 1890. XXI. May 1893.
. LAWNYAPEPIT" (a5. oe XVIII. Apr. 1891. XIX. Feb. 1893.

. RICHARD’s PipiT

Mar. 1889.

Dec. 1891.

a

ES Or eb AES

IN VOLUME III.

To face
SEE
1. Aupine Accentor. Accentor collaris (Scop.) . 2
2. HepeGe-Sparrow. Accentor modularis (Linn.). 4,
3. Ropin. LErithacus rubecula (Linn.) . 6
4, Nicutineate. Daulias luscinia (Linn.) . 8
5. Arctic BLur-tHroat. Cyanecula suecica (Linn.). 10
6. WuitTE-spotteD Bius-THRoat. Cyanecula leuco-
cyanea, Brehm ae ae 12
7. Repstart. Ruticilla phenicurus, Macg. 14
8. Brack Repstart. Ruticilla titys (Scop.) 16
9. StonrcHat. Pratincola rubicoia (Linn.) 18
10. Wurncuat. Pratincola rubetra (Linn.) 20
11. Wueatear. Saaxicola enanthe (Linn.) . 22
12. IsaBELLinE WueEatear. Sazicola isabellina, Rup-
[OCU oe ches Sy PM GEN iota arty ge 2
18, Buack-rHroateD WueEatear. Sazicola stapazina,
Vieillot ore it mee asst termes 26
14. Desert WuHeatear. Savicola deserti, Temm. 28
15. Rurous Warsier. Aedon galactodes (Temm.) 30
16. Icterins Warsier. Hypolais icterina (Vieillot). 32
17. Great Reep-WarsBieR. <Acrocephalus turdoides
(Meyer) 34

vill PLATES IN VOL. II.
" To face
_ page
18. Reep-WarsuieER. Acrocephalus streperus (Vieillot). 36
19. Marsu-Warsier. Acrocephalus palustris(Bechst.). 38
20. Sepce-WarBLER. <Acrocephalus ee
(Bechst.).. ae 40
21. Aquatic WARBLER. Aoroceyhas egnation
(Gmel.). oe
22. GRASSHOPPER WARBLER. panel NLVvIA (Boda. \. 44
23. Savi’s WarsLer. Acrocephalus luscinioides (Savi). 46
24. Dartrorp WarBLER. Melizophilus provincialis
(Gmel.) ee Boe ec 43
25. WuitetHroat. Sylvia cinerea, Bechst. . 50
26. Lesser WuiterHrRoat. Sylvia curruca (Linn.) . 52
27. GarDEN Warsier. Sylvia hortensis, Bechst. 54:
28. Buackcar. Sylvia atricapilla, Naum. 56
29. OrpHEAN Warsier. Sylvia orphea, Temm. 57
30. Barrep Warsier. Sylvia nisoria (Bechst.) 60
31. Woov-Warstier. Phylloscopus sibilatrix (Bechst.). 62
32. Wittow-Warster. Phylloscopus trochilus (Linn.). 64
33. GREENISH WiLLow-WarBLER. Phylloscopus viri-
danus, Blyth. 5 6 66
34. CuirrcHarr. Phylloscopus minor (rose ) 68
35. YELLOW-BROWED WARBLER. ies super-
ciliosus (J. F. Gmelin) 70
36. Pattas’s WiLttow-WarBLER. Phyloseopes pro-
regulus (Pallas) . (ie
37. Gotpcrest. Regulus cristatus Ginn, ) ff
38. Fire-crest. Regulus ignicapillus (C. L. Brel 76
39. Wuire’s ToHrusH. Turdus varius, Pall. 78
40. Mistitetor-Turusn. Turdus viscivorus, Linn. 80
41. Sone-THRusH. Turdus musicus, Linn. 82
42. Repwine. Turdus iliacus, Linn. 84
43. Frevprare. Turdus pilaris, Linn. G5 lO
44, BuaAcK-THROATED TurRusH. Turdus erigtar,
Temm. 88
45. SIBERIAN GROUND- Taber, Ti das Se Pall. 89

PLATES IN VOL. III. 1x

To face
[Serehe
TeDRACKRIRD. |= Luraus merula. Waites sea een)
. Rine-Ovzer. Turdus torquatus, Linn... . . . 94
. Prep Rocx-Turusu. Monticola saxatilis, Newton. 96
. GotpEeN OrioxtEe. Oriolus galbula, Linn. . . . 98
. Dipper. Cinclus aquaticus, Bechst. . . . . . 99
. Buack-BELLIED Dipper. Cinclus melanogaster,
CS Brehm sa 4 (ee a vane ee ee eS
. Prep or Common Waertatt. Motacilla lugubris,
ARCnet a es ae pe ea, es ae ee hn a Le
. Grey-BackED Waetain. Motacilla alba, Linn. . 106

and ¢ juv., summer

. Grey Wactait. Motacilla sulphurea, Bechst. ¢ }
We . - 108

Doe Dor sorandiOr winters) ps a oe
. Buus-neapep WaertaiL. Motacilla flava, Linn. . 110
. GREY-HEADED YELLOW WaerTtalL. Motacilla bore-

alis, Sundev. 112

. Yettow Waerain. Motacilla rayi (Gonap:)

. TreE-Pipit. Anthus arboreus (Gmelin) . . . 115°
. Meapow-Pirit. Anthus pratensis (Linn.) . . . 118 —
. Rep-THRoateD Preir. Anthus cervinus (Pall.) . 120

. AupiIne Prert. Anthus spipoletta (Linn.) . . . 121

. Rocx-Preir. <Anthus obscurus (ath.). ao 196
- Do. Do. Winter Negros oc

- Tawny Prpir. <Anthus campestris (Linn.) . . . 127
. Ricwarp’s Pipit. Anthus richard, Vieill. ee oO)

= SS——

VOL. III. b

-T

Yy

ALPINE ACCENTOR.

ACCENTOR COLLARIS (Scop.).

Sturnus collaris, Scop. Ann. I. Hist. Nat. p. 131 (1769).

Accentor alpinus, Naum. i. p. 940; Macg. i. p. 258;
Hewitson, 1. p. 96.

Accentor collaris, Yarr. ed. 4, 1. p. 296; Dresser, iii. p. 29.

Accenteur alpin, French ; Alpen-Fliihvogel, German ; Ser-
rano, Pajaro de la meve, Spanish.

A rare and accidental visitor to our country, where it
is, however, very possible that it may have been often
overlooked. My personal acquaintance with this species
in Northern Italy, Turkey, and Spain mduces me to
believe that it seldom leaves the alpine heights, which
constitute its summer abode, unless driven by extreme
stress of weather to lower regions; in such circum-
stances, in the province of Asturias, it appears in great
numbers in the mountain villages.

The Alpine Accentor is very tame and fearless of
man; in general habits it much resembles our familiar
| Hedge-Sparrow, but its song is greatly superior.
| The subjects of the accompanying Plate were drawn
| from living birds in my possession.

et eee ere

(‘SLIR][OO 109N800¥)

By ies oan MOLNADQOV ANIATV |

Pate.
Wn SON

Rrra Onis
Dai
: be iy

HEDGE-SPARROW.

ACCENTOR MODULARIS (Linn).

Motacilla modularis, Linn. 8S. N. 1. p. 329 (1766).

Accentor modular's, Naum. ii. p. 951; Macg. u. p. 251;
Hewitson, 1. p. 97; Yarr. ed. 4,1. p. 8301; Dresser, i.
p. 39.

Mouchet, Traine-buisson, French; Heckenbraunelle, Ger-
man; Churruca, Spanish.

Common and resident in almost all parts of the
British Islands.

eee

5
JSLIEAD HG: Wy Sey URI ONES

Accentor modularis (Linw )

Hanhart Chromo li

ta.

ROBIN,

ERITHACUS RUBECULA (Linn.).

Motacilla rubecula, Linn. S. N. i. p. 337 (1766).
Sylvia rubecula, Naum. ii. p. 397.

Erithacus rubecula, Macg. ii. p. 263; Yarr. ed. 4,1. p. 305 ;
Dresser, 11. p. 329.
Erythaca rubecula, Hewitson, i. p. 98.

Rouge-gorge, French; Rothkehichen, German; Petirrojo,
Barba roja, Spanish.

As I have nothing to say with regard to this sacred
bird that has not repeatedly appeared in print, I will
only state that admitting, as I do, the many claims of
“Bobby ” to the special protection and affection so
generally accorded to him by man in our country, there
are many other species that are equally entitled to those
advantages ; I would specially point out the so-called
Hedge-“ Sparrow,’—a pleasant singer of unobtrusive
manners and modest dress, who has, I feel sure, suffered
from the bestowal upon him of the opprobrious and
entirely misleading name of a common malefactor.

Litho. W. Greve, Berlin.

6

ROBIN.

Erithacus rubecula (Linn,).

NIGHTINGALE.

DAULIAS LUSCINIA (Linn.).

Motacilla luscinia, Linn. S. N. i. p. 328 (1766).

Sylvia luscinia, Naum. ii. p. 373.

Philomela luscinia, Macg. ii. p. 821; Hewitson, i. p. 124.
Daulias luscinia, Yarr. ed. 4,1. p.312; Dresser, 11. p. 363.

Rossignol, French; Nachtigall, Waldnachtigall, German ;
Ruisenhor, Spanish.

This well-known and most delightful singing-bird is
a common spring visitor to a great part of England, but
seldom visits the extreme western, north-western, and
northern counties, 1s scarce and very local in Wales,
unknown in Ireland, and its occurrence in Scotland
appears to be open to doubt. In Northamptonshire,
the county with which I am best acquainted, the Night-
ingale is exceptionally abundant, generally appearing
about the middle of April, and leaving us early in
September. In Rhenish Prussia, where this and all
other singing-birds are strictly protected by law, and
where (I may add) that law is observed, the Nightingale
is as common and as familiar in public gardens and
shrubberies as the Redbreast in our own country.

J.GKeulemans del-et lth.

NIGHTINGALE.
Daulias luseimia (Linn).

Mintern Bros. imp.

wt

ARCTIC BLUETHROAT.

CYANECULA SUECICA (Linn.).

Motacilla svecica, Linn. S. N. 1. p. 336.
Sylvia suecica, Naum. ii. p. 414.

Sylvia leucocyana, Naum. xiii. p. 373.
Ruticilla cyanecula, Macg. ui. p. 300.
Pheenicura suecica, Hewitson, i. p. 102.
Ruticilla suecica, Yarr. ed. 4, 1. p. 321.
Cyanecula suecica, Dresser, 11. p. 317.

Blaukehichen, German.

An occasional visitor to England. More common
during the autumn than the spring migration.

There is considerable difficulty in distinguishing this
bird in its immature plumage from C. leucocyana; but
one or the other, perhaps both, of these races have
appeared on our eastern coasts in large numbers during
the last few years.

Yfrpomoayy y.reyur yy

g
=

(227) votoens E|n

AORSHal IL = GO

JaURKD
OIE Sve

WHITE-SPOTTED BLUETHROAT.

CYANECULA LEUCOCYANA, Brehm.

Cyanecula leuco-cyana, Brehm, Handbuch der Naturgeschichte
aller Vogel Deutschlands, p. 353.

Pheenicura suecica, Yarr. ed. 3, 1. p. 264 (nec Linneus).

Ruticilla leucocyana, Yarr. ed. 4, 1. p. 324.

Cyanecula wolfi, Dresser, i. p. 311 (nec Brehm).

Fauvette gorge-bleue, French; Blaukehlchen, German ;
Gargantazul, Spanish.

purr OOTLA"| PT RIS

pela @ kel

Uy [ouLtorzys) {ie yue fy

THE REDSTART.

(RUTICILLA PHCU&NICURUS, Macg.)

Sylvia phonicurus, Nawm. ii. p. 510.
Ruticilla pheenicurus, Macg. 11. p. 305; Yarr. ed. 4, 1. p. 829 ;
Dresser, u. p. 277.

Rouge-queue, Bec-fin des murailles, French ; Gartenréothling,
Rothschwanz, German.

A summer migrant to Great Britain. Rare in
Ireland.

“boyy ‘snanomaoyd VON
mb tl A lb Sl Gt tel

‘UOpuoy-aplog ‘AAGTH "AA OUIVT

THE BLACK REDSTART.

(RUTICILLA TITYS, Newton.)

Sylvia tithys, Nawm. ii. p. 525.

Ruticilla tithys, Macg. 1. p. 311.

Pheenicura tithys, Hewitson, 1. p. 105.

Ruticilla titys, Yarr. ed. 4, 1. p.333; Dresser, u. p. 293.

Rouge-queue Tithys, French; Hausrothschwanz, Hausroth-

ling, German ; Colirojo, Spanish.

An regular autumnal visitor to England.
Breeds in Central and Southern Europe.

Litho. W. Greve, Berlin-London.

BLACK REDSTART.

Ruticilla titys, Newton.

THE STONECHAT.

PRATINCOLA RUBICOLA (Linn.).

Motacilla Rubicola, Linn. 8S. N.1. p. 332.

Saxicola rubicola, Naum. ii. p. 884; Hewitson, 1. p. 107;
Yarr. ed. 4, 1. p. 339.

Fruticicola rubicola, Macg. ii. p. 279.

Pratincola rubicola, Dresser, 11. p. 263.

Tarier rubicole, Traquet pétre, French; Schwarzkehliger
Steinschmatzer, German; Caganchina, Spanish.

A locally common and resident species in Great
Britain and Ireland.

a
aid
(Uuy) BpODIgnA BlOOUTIes |

NAVEL Oe NCO aS

“LOPUOTY-UlLlag "BART “AL “OUILT

WHINCHAT.

PRATINCOLA RUBETRA (Linn.).

Motacilla Rubetra, Linn. S. N. i. p. 332 (1776).

Saxicola rubetra, Naum. ii. p. 903; Hewitson, 1. p. 108;
Yarr. ed. 4,1. p. 344.

Fruticicola rubetra, Macg. u. p. 273.

Pratincola rubetra, Dresser, 11. p. 255.

A common and regular summer migrant to most parts
of Great Britain.
Comparatively scarce in Ireland.

‘uopuoTy-wpIog ‘aAITH “AA “ONIIT

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(umT) Bijaqna vlooulyedd

Riel Oe Ne lees

THE WHEATEAR.

(SAXICOLA GENANTHE, Naum.)

~ Saxicola cenanthe, Naum. ui. p. 863; Macg. u. p. 289;
Hewitson, i. p. 110; Yarr. ed. 4,1. p. 347; Dresser, i.
Dalai

Traquet, French ; der Steinschmdizer, German ; Culiblanco,
Spanish.

A common summer visitor, breeding locally through-
out the three kingdoms.

Litho, W. Greve, Berlin-London.

Ne

Wii au a AS IRS

Saxicola oenanthe, Nawm.

ieee teas
Linn cs Tigre
tea

ai yele

ISABELLINE WHEATEAR.

SAXICOLA ISABELLINA, Cretzschm.

Saxicola isabellina, Cretzschmar in Riippell’s Atlas, Vég.
p- 52; Riipp. Neue Wirb., Vog. p. 80; Dresser, ii.
p- 199; Saunders, Man. Br. B. p. 21.

One occurrence. A solitary individual was shot by
Mr. Thomas Mann on a ploughed field at Allonby,
in Cumberland, on 11th November, 1887, and the
specimen, a female, was determined by Mr. Saunders and
Rev. H. A. Macpherson to be an Isabelline Wheatear.

The usual range of this species extends over South-
eastern Russia, Asia Minor, Palestine, Egypt, and
North-east Africa; it also includes Persia, Central and
Eastern Asia, as well as Baluchistan and North-western
India.

The Isabelline Wheatear may be distinguished from
the female of the Common Wheatear, which it closely
resembles, by the smaller amount of white at the base
of the outer rectrices, and by the axillaries and under
wing-coverts being pure white without dark centres.

[0. 8.]

ee ee en ee aE TT ee ee ee eT a ee a Te

‘jaddny ‘eulpjeqest epoorxes

“AWAHLWHHM ANITIAEWSI

“uTLleg ‘AA0TD (MM ‘OUT

11

THE BLACK-THROATED WHEATEAR.

(SAXICOLA STAPAZINA, Vieillot.)

Saxicola stapazina, Naum. ii. p. 879; Yarr. ed. 4, ii. p. vill

Saxicola rufa, Dresser, 1. p. 207; Mitchell, Birds of Lancs.
p- 10.

Traquet Stapazin, Cul-blanc roux, Motteux a gorge noire,

French; der Schwarzkehlige Steinschmdtzer, German ;
Culiblance, Spanish.

A common summer migrant to Southern Europe: has
been recorded as having occurred in Lancashire.

‘Jopparg ‘VuUIzedeys BplOdIXeg

UMVALVAHM GHLVOYHL- MOV Td

“ROpUOTT-UTpLog “OABLD "MOUNT

=

> ie

THE DESERT-WHEATEAR.

SAXICOLA DESERTI, Temm.

Saxicola deserti, Temm. Pl. Col. 359. fig. 2; Dalgleish, Proc.
R. P. Soe. Edin. vi. p. 64; Dresser, ii. p. 215; Yarr.

ed. 4, i. p. vill; Clarke, Zoologist, 1885, p. 479.

An African species, recorded by Dalgleish (wt supra)
as having occurred in Scotland.
Another specimen has recently been obtained on

the Yorkshire coast, and the occurrence recorded by
Mr. Eagle Clarke.

=

z
é “UM T, ‘Ty. 1oSsap B[OVIXBS

Sey CD Verne at al Sea

‘uopuoq-ulpiag ‘aAarg ‘AA “OUT

>

RUFOUS WARBLER.

AEDON GALACTODES (Temmn.).

Sylvia galactodes, Temm. Man. d’Orn. i. p. 182 (1820) ;
Naum. xiii. pp. 62, 398.
Aedon galactodes, Yarr. ed. 4, 1. p. 355; Dresser, u. p. 547.
Agrobate rubiyineux, Bec-fin rubigineux, French; der rost-
farbige Singer, German; Alzacola, Rubita, Vinadera>
Spanish.

As far as I am able to discover, only two occurrences
of this beautiful Warbler have been recorded in our
country—one not far from Brighton in September 1854,
and another in the same month of 1859 near the Start
in S. Devon. My own acquaintance with the present
species is entirely confined to Greece and Spain; it is by
no means uncommon in Andalucia, haunting gardens
and vineyards, and though somewhat shy of observation,
sufficiently conspicuous from its well-known habit of
spreading and lifting the tail on alighting, thus showing
the remarkable white markings with which that append-
age is adorned.

The Rufous Warbler seems to find some special
attraction about the plants of prickly pear which are so
abundant in Andalucia; the nest is generally easy to
discover, seldom at any considerable height from the
ground, and generally ornamented by a piece of serpent’s
or lizard’s skin either inside or on its outside edge. The
bird is very active in pursuit of its insect-food, and
combines certain characteristics of the Redbreast and
Redstart with those of the smaller Shrikes. The song is
very peculiar and not to be mistaken for that of any
other European Warbler.

Ai
-G

& Keulemans del. et lit

J.

Aedon galactodes (Iemm).

4

ICTERINE WARBLER.

HYPOLAIS ICTERINA (Vieillot).

Sylvia icterina, Vieillut, Nouv. Dict. d’Hist. Nat. xi. p. 194
(1817).

Sylvia hypolais, Naum. ii. p. 540.

Sylvia hippolais, Hewitson, i. p. 141.

Hypolais icterina, Yarr. ed. 4, 1. p. 360; Dresser, ii. p. 521.

Bec-fin a poitrine jaune, French ; Gelber Spottvogel, Garten-
Laubvogel, German.

Common summer visitor to many parts of the conti-
nent of Europe. Recorded as having occurred in a few
instances in the British Islands.

Hanhart Chromo lith.

evllot).

\

terina (Ve

A
5

Lc

nC AE ROIENGE SWEAR LE Re

Hyp ol cial Ss

ral
A

GREAT REED-WARBLER.

ACROCEPHALUS TURDOIDES (Meyer).

Sylvia turdoides, Meyer, Vog. Liv- u. Esthl. p. 116; Naum.
i. p. 597.

Salicaria arundinacea, Hewitson, 1. p. 122.

Acrocephalus arundinaceus, Yarr. ed. 4, 1. p. 864; Dresser,
Hi. p. 579.

Rousserolle, French; Drossel-Rohrsdnger, Rohrdrossei,
German ; Carrisalero, Spanish.

A rare and accidental visitor to England.

20

nromo-lith

Gr

Hanharl (

mM
sa] a
als,
Os
aap
<i
226
:
Qos
Ay = ae
Qs
MS
jon
ea
a
qt
ad
‘)

35

REED-WARBLER.

ACROCEPHALUS STREPERUS (Vieillot).

Sylvia strepera, Vieillot, Nouv. Dict. d’Hist. Nat. xi. p. 182
(1817).

Sylvia arundinacea, Naum. ii. p. 614.

Calamoherpe arundinacea, Macg. i. p. 395.

Salicaria strepera, Hewitson, 1. p. 119.

Acrocephalus streperus, Yarr. ed. 4, 1. p. 869; Dresser, i.
p. 567.

Rousserolle effarvatte, French; Tetch-Rohrstnger, Teich-
sdnger, German.

_A locally common summer visitor to England; rare
in Scotland and Ireland.

Hanhart Chromp-lith.

REED-WARBLER.
Acrocephalus streperus (Kezllot ),

4

et
Y

MARSH-WARBLER,

ACROCEPHALUS PALUSTRIS (Bechst.).

Sylvia palustris, Bechstein, Orn. Taschenb. p. 186 (1802).

Sylvia palustris, Naum. iii. p. 630.

Acrocephalus palustris, Yarr. ed. 4, i. p. 873; Dresser, 11.
p. 573.

Rousserolle verderolle, French ; Sumpf-Rohrsdnger, Ger-
man.

This species, which very closely resembles the Reed-
Warbler, is recorded as having occurred and nested
occasionally during the summer in the south of England.

MAR S HS WiA RB WER:

Acrocephalus palustris ( Bechst. |

eats

Hanhart Chromp-kth .

SEDGE-WARBLER.

ACROCEPHALUS PHRAGMITIS (Bechst.).

Sylvia phragmitis, Bechstein, Orn. Taschenb. p. 186; Naum.
lil. p. 648.

Calamoherpe phragmitis, Macg. i. p. 390.

Salicaria phragmitis, Hewitson, i. p. 117.

Acrocephalus schcenobeenus, Yarr. ed. 4, 1. p. 376; Dresser,
ke 105 BW

Bec-fin phragmite, French; Schilf-Rohrsinger, German.

A summer visitor to Great Britain and _ Ireland.
Exceedingly abundant in suitable localities.

22

Hankart Chromo-lth

SEDGE WARBLER.

Acrocephalus phragmitis (6 echst
‘

5

AQUATIC WARBLER.

ACROCEPHALUS AQUATICUS (Gmel.).

Motacilla aquatica, Gmelin, 8. N.1. p. 953 (1788).

Sylvia cariceti, Naum. ii. p. 668.

Sylvia aquatica, Naum. iil. p. 686. . -

Acrocephalus aquaticus, Yarr. ed. 4, i. p. 380; Dresser, il.
p. 591.

Bec-fin aquatique, French ; Segyen-Rohrsinger, German ;
Arandillo, Spanish.

This bird, which is a common summer visitor to
many of the marshy districts of the continent of Europe,
has only been hitherto recorded to have been obtained
thrice in England.

The only British specimen that I have seen is that
recorded by Mr. J. H. Gurney, jun. ( Zoologist,’ 1871),
as having been shot near Dover by Mr. Charles Gordon,
the Curator of the museum of that town; as I notice
that the Editor of the 4th edition of Yarrell’s ‘ British
Birds’ mentions (vol. 1. p. 381) that the date of this
occurrence was lost, I may say that Mr. Gordon showed
me the bird in the summer of 1853, and my strong
impression is that it had been very recently added to
the collection.

In general habits this bird appears to resemble the
well-known Sedge-Warbler; but, from my very limited
acquaintance with it, [ am inclined to consider it as

more especially a reed haunter than that species.

es
Vr

J.G Kenlemans dal; et ith. ; Mintern Bros. my.

: AQUATIC WARBLER.
Acrocephalus aquaticus (mel).

GRASSHOPPER WARBLER,

LOCUSTELLA NA:VIA (Boda.).

Locustella naevia, Bodd. Table des Pl. Enl. p. 35, no. 581
(1788).

Sylvia locustella, Nawm. i. p. 701.

Sibilatrix locustella, Macg. 1. p. 399.

Salicaria locustella, Hewitson, 1. p. 112.

Acrocephalus nevius, Yarr. ed. 4, 1. p. 384.

Locustella nzvia, Dresser, 11. p. 611.

Bec-fin locustelle, French; Busch-Rohrsdnger, German.

This bird, though tolerably common asa spring
visitor to most parts of England and Wales, as well as
to Ireland and some parts of the south of Scotland, is,
from its peculiarly skulking habits, seldom seen, unless
specially sought for; but its very remarkable note may
be heard at daybreak from the time of its arrival in
early April till the middle of June in most of our
fenlands, rough sedgy pastures, and heathy and furze-
grown commons. ‘This note, from which the bird has
acquired its common English designation, is, in my
opinion, much more accurately indicated by the name of
‘Reeler,” or Reel-bird, often applied to this species in
our eastern counties.

The nest of this Warbler is exceedingly difficult to
discover, being generally built on the ground in very
thick covert, and the birds approach it by means
of an occasionally long “creep” or run through the

surrounding vegetation.

—
IAS

c
i

reat! ater
WEULEMmAaANns ae

ct hth

GRASSHOPPER WARBLER.
Locustella naevia (Bodd).

Mintern Bros. imp.

SAVIS WARBLER.

ACROCEPHALUS LUSCINIOIDES (Savi).

Sylvia luscinioides, Savi, Nuovo Giornale de’ Letterati, vii.
p. 3841; Naum. xiii. pp. 87 & 474.

Salicaria luscinoides, Hewitson, i. p. 115.

Acrocephalus luscinioides, Yarr. ed. 4, 1. p. 389.

Locustella luscinioides, Dresser, 11. p. 627.

Fauvetie des Saules, French; Nachtigall - Rohrsdnger,
Weidenrohrsénger, German.

A rare summer visitor to England, in which country,
however, it has been known to breed.

Hannast Chromo l:th

ra)

SAVES WARBLER

Acrocephalus Juscinicides /Savz,

oj

DARTFORD WARBLER.

MELIZOPHILUS PROVINCIALIS (Gmei.).

Motacilla provincialis, Gm. Syst. Nat. i. p. 958 (1788).

Melizophilus provincialis, Macg. ii. p. 383; Hewitson, 1.
p. 148.

Motacilla undata, Boddaert, Tabl. d. Pl. Enl. p. 40 (1783).

Melizophilus undatus, Yarr. ed. 4, 1. p. 898; Dresser, u.
p. 441.

Pitchou Provencal, French; Colorin, Caganchina, Spanish.

The Dartford Warbler’s habitat in England appears
to be confined to the furze-clad districts of the southern
counties, in some of which it is tolerably common and
resident throughout the year.

ID INIEC AP EN OMESID) OWNS} I, DE

Melizophilus provincialis (G7zel.)

A

THE COMMON WHITETHROAT.

(SYLVIA CINEREA, Bechst.)

Sylvia cinerea, Naum. u. p. 464; Macg. i. p. 350; Hewitson,
1. p. 130.
Sylvia rufa, Yarr. ed. 4, 1. p. 406; Dresser, ui. p. 377.

Fauvette grise, French ; Dorn-Grasmiicke, Weisskehichen,
German.

A very common summer visitor to the British Islands.

16

masysog ‘“eateutd eLATsg

; Jb WO) Bhs GEE IEE AYN

“WOpuoT-Wiyplog ‘aaatg “M “OUgIT

THE LESSER WHITETHROAT.

SYLVIA CURRUCA (Linn).

Motacilla Curruca, Linn. 8..N. i. p. 829.

Sylvia curruca, Naum. u. p. 451; Hewitson, i. p. 182; Yarr.
ed. 4, 1. p. 410; Dresser, u. p. 383.

Sylvia garrula, Macg. i. p. 357.

Bec-fin babillard, French ; Zaun-Grasmiicke, Klapper-Gras-
miicke, German.

A summer visitor to Great Britain ; locally common.

Nh alee

Litho. W. Greve, Berlin-London.

LESSER WHITETHROAT.

Sylvia curruca (Linn.)

iy
1

Lt

a

or;

GARDEN WARBLER.

SYLVIA HORTENSIS, Bechst.

Sylvia hortensis, Bechstein, Orn. Taschenb. p. 169; Naum. ii.
p. 478; Macg. 11. p. 845 ; Hewitson, 1. p. 128.
Sylvia salicaria, Yarr. ed. 4,1. p. 414; Dresser, u1. p. 429.

Fauvette des Jardins, French ; Garten-Grasmiicke, German.

A locally common summer visitor to Great Britain ;
rarer in Ireland.

COMET No WeACR Bs

Sylvia hortensis, Bechsé

its

Hanhart Chromo-th

THE BLACKCAP.

(SYLVIA ATRICAPILLA, Naum.)

Sylvia atricapilla, Naum. ii. p. 492; Macg. u. p. 389; Hewnt-
son, 1. p. 126; Yarr. ed. 4,1. p. 418; Dresser, ii. p. 421.

X

Fauvette a téte noire, French; Monch, Schwarzkopf,
Schawarzkappe, German.

A locally common summer migrant to Great Britain.

18

; UNDN “epIdeoiye viATtg

al WD) We Wel

‘wopuoy-urpteag ‘oAeLy “AX “OURLIT

cI
z
a
Oo
M
a
oO
Es
2
5
i

ORPHEAN WARBLER.

Sylvia orphea, Temm.

ORPHEAN WARBLER.

SYLVIA ORPHEA, Temm.

Sylvia orphea, Temminck, Man. d’Orn. p. 107 (1815); Naum.
i. p. 445; Hewitson, i. p. 1383; Yarr. ed. 4, i. p. 423;
Dresser, ui. p. 411.

Bec-fin orphée, French; Orpheus-Grasmiicke, German ;
Canaria, Alamero, Spanish.

There do not appear to be more than two well-
authenticated instances on record of the occurrence of
this species in England, although more than one nest
containing eggs, attributed to the Orphean Warbler,
have been met with in this country. My own acquaint-
ance with this bird has chiefly been cultivated in Spain ;
I found it exceedingly common in the neighbourhood of
Madrid and Aranjuez. In these localities I generally
met with it frequenting the avenues of elm and deci-
duous bushes in the gardens and open country, as a rule
avoiding thickly wooded districts; in Andalucia, on the
other hand, our bird appeared especially to frequent the
pine-woods, and the willows that grow thickly along
certain portions of the course of the Guadalquivir. The
nests that we found were placed at various heights, from
5 to 20 feet from the ground, often resting on the

young growers from the main trunks of the elms, and
perhaps as often in the forks of willows, tamarisks, and
olive-trees. The nest is very much more substantially .
built than that of the other Warblers of this family ;
the eggs much resemble those of the Lesser Whitethroat.
The song of this bird, though more powerful than that
of our Blackcap, cannot, in my opinion, be compared
with it for melody or sweetness, in fact, I have always
been puzzled to know why the name of Orpheus should
have been bestowed on this species.

39

4

BARRED WARBLER.

SYLVIA NISORIA (Bechst.).

Motacilla nisoria, Bechstein, Naturg. Deutschl. iv. p. 580
(1795).

Sylvia nisoria, Naum. i. p. 430; Yarr. ed. 4, i. p. ix;
Dresser, ii. p. 435.

Fauvette éperviere, French; Sperber-Grasmiicke, German.

As I have no acquaintance whatever with this species
in a wild state, I will merely note here that four well-
authenticated occurrences in Great Britain are recorded
by Mr. Howard Saunders in his ‘Manual of British
Birds.’

The Barred Warbler is a summer visitor to Central
and South-eastern Europe, but is certainly rare to the
west of the Rhine and Rhone. I have three of this
species caged at this time of writing; in attitude, song,
and general demeanour they very much resemble our
Lesser Whitethroat, but are the least restless of any
Warblers that I have ever kept in captivity.

|
|
|
|
|

Litho. W. Greve, Berlin.

BARRED WARBLER.

Sylvia nisoria (Bechst.). |

WOOD-WARBLER.

PHYLLOSCOPUS SIBILATRIX (Bechst.).

Motacilla sibilatrix, Bechstein, Naturforsch. xxvu. p. 47
(1793).

Sylvia sibilatrix, Naum. i. p. 556.

Phyllopneuste sylvicola, Macg. 1. p. 364.

Sylvia sibillatrix, Hewitson, 1. p. 135.

Phylloscopus sibilatrix, Yarr. ed. 4, 1. p. 427; Dresser, u.
p. 497.

Bec-fin siffleur, French; Wald-Laubvogel, German.

A summer migrant to Great Britain: locally common.

Hanhart Chromo-hth ,

WOOD-WARBLER.

Phylloscopus sibilatrix ( Beckhst. )

i)

Gy

WILLOW-WARBLER,

PHYLLOSCOPUS TROCHILUS (Linn.).

Motacilla trochilus, Linn. 8. N. i. p. 338 (1766).

Sylvia trochilus, Naum. ii. p. 568; Hewitson, i. p. 137.

Phyllopneuste trochilus, Macg. 11. p. 371.

Phylloscopus trochilus, Yarr. ed. 4, 1. p. 482; Dresser, 11.
p. 491.

Pouillot-fitis, French ; Fitis-Laubvogel, German ; Mosqui-
tero, Mosquilla, Spanish.

A common summer visitor to the British Islands.

|
|

JUDO & C2 LIMITED. IMP

KEULEMANS. DELT & LITH

J.S

WILLOW-WARBLER,

Phylloscopus trochilus (Zizz.)

‘ a Selly M ‘
¢
aces eae eae ,
fi N -
ox x s =
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‘
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*
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.

GREENISH WILLOW-WARBLER.

PHYLLOSCOPUS VIRIDANUS, Blyth.

Phylloscopus viridanus, Blyth, Journ. As. Soc. Beng. xii.

p. 967; Dresser, Suppl. p. 87; Caton Haigh, Zool.
1896, p. 436. |

One occurrence. Mr. G. H. Caton Haigh, of Grainsby
Hall, Lincolnshire, reports that during the afternoon of
September 5th, 1896, he shot a female of Phylloscopus
viridanus in a hedge near the sea-bank at North Cotes,
on the Lincolnshire coast.

This Willow-Warbler, according to Mr. Dresser, occurs
in Russia in the country bordering the Ural Mountains,
and in Central Asia, whence it migrates and passes the
winter in Northern India. [O. 8.]

GREENISH WILLOW-WARBLER.

Phyloscopus viridanus, Llyth.

Mintern Bros inp.

a)

a

Pe A iti f : i rast

CHIFFCHAFF,

PHYLLOSCOPUS MINOR (Forst.).

Trochilus minor, Forst. Synopt. Cat. Brit. Birds, pp. 14, 54.

Sylvia rufa, Bechstein, Orn. Taschenb. 1. p. 188 (1802) ;
Naum. i. p. 581; Hewitson, i. p. 139.

Phyllopneuste hippolais, Macg. ii. p. 379.

Phylloscopus collybita, Yarr. ed. 4, 1. p. 437; Dresser, 11.
p. 485.

Bec-fin véloce, French; Weiden-Laubvogel,German ; Almen-
drita, Pichi, Musquereta, Spanish.

A common summer visitor to the British Islands.

J.O KEULEMANS. DEL? & LITH

CHIFFCHAFF,
Phylloscopus minor (Yorst.)

JUDD & Co LIMITED. IMP

YELLOW-BROWED WARBLER.

PHYLLOSCOPUS SUPERCILIOSUS (J. F. Gmelin).

Motacilla superciliosa, Gmelin, Syst. Nat. 1. p. 975 (1788).

Regulus modestus, Naum. xii. pl. 378 ; Gould, apud Hancock,
Ann. Nat. Hist. i. p. 310.

Phylloscopus superciliosus, Yarr. ed. 4, 1. p. 443; Dresser,
li. p. 469.

An Asiatic species, rarely and accidentally visiting
Europe. Has occurred certainly twice in England.

ime

3)

JUDD & Co LIMIT

OEL? & LITH

J G.KEULEMANS

YELLOW-BROWED WARBLER.

Phylloscopus superciliosus (¥. 7. Gmediz)

PALLAS'S WILLOW-WARBLER.

PHYLLOSCOPUS PROREGULUS (Pail.).

Motacilla proregulus, Pall. Zoogr. Ross.-As. i. p. 499.
Phylloscopus proregulus, Dresser, Suppl. p. 73; Southwell,
Zool. 1896, p. 467.

One occurrence. Mr. Thomas Southwell records that
a bird of this species was sent him for determination
by Mr. Pashley, of Cley-next-the-Sea, on the coast of
Norfolk. It had been shot on 31st October, 1896,
and was in perfect condition and apparently an adult
bird.

According to Mr. Dresser, Pallas’s Willow- Warbler
appears regularly on migration within the limits of the
Western Palearctic Region. Its range extends also
from the Ural Mountains to Eastern Siberia, where it
breeds, and probably passes the winter in Southern
China and India. It has once occurred on the island

of Heligoland. [O. S.]

D Mintern Bros.imp.

PALLAS'S WILLOW-WARBLER.

Phylloscopus proregulus (Palas)

GOLDCREST.

REGULUS CRISTATUS (Linn.).

Motacilla Regulus, Linn. S. N. 1. p. 838 (1766).

Regulus cristatus, Koch, Syst. d. baier. Zool. 1. p. 199.
Regulus flavicapillus, Naum. i. p. 968.

Regulus auricapillus, Macg. 1. p. 408; Hewitson, i. p. 148.
Regulus cristatus, Yarr. ed. 4,1. p. 449; Dresser, ii. p. 453.

Roitelet ordinaire, French; Gelbkdpfige Goldhahnchen,
German.

Common and resident in many parts of the British
Islands, its numbers much increased by irregular
autumnal immigrations from the continent of Europe.

GOLDPDCREST.

Regulus cristatus (Zz77.)

FIRE-CREST.

REGULUS IGNICAPILLUS (C. L. Brehm).

Sylvia ignicapilla, Temminck, ea C. L. Brehm, Man. d’Orn. 1.
p. 231 (1820).

Regulus ignicapillus, Naum. in. p. 983; Macg. u. p. 416;
Hewitson, i. p. 148; Yarr. ed. 4, i. p. 456; Dresser, ii.
p. 409.

Roitelet a triple bandeau, French; Feuerképfiges Goldhihn-
chen, German; Reyezuelo, Reyete, Spanish.

An irregular and not very common visitor to England.
Abundant and resident in many parts of South and
South-western Europe, especially frequenting evergreen
forests and thickets.

DEL? & LitH JUDD & Co LIMITED. IMP

PlLRDS>CRESi,
Regulus ignicapillus, C. LZ. Brehm.

WHITE'S THRUSH.

TURDUS VARIUS, Pail.

Turdus varius, Pallas, Zoogr. Rosso-As. i. p. 449 (1811) ;
Macg. ii. p. 146; Yarr. ed. 4, 1. p. 251; Dresser, ii.

Os #0

An Asiatic species, rarely visiting the British Islands.

‘eg ‘SMA SupInT,

HSOUHL S.ALIHM

‘uo puo'y-uyzeg ‘gn0r9 "M ‘OUTTT

THE MISTLETOE-THRUSH,

(TURDUS VISCIVORUS, Linn.)

Turdus viscivorus, Naum. ii. p. 248; Macg. u. p. 114;
Hewitson, i. p. 79; Yarr. ed. 4, i. p. 258; Dresser, ii.
p. 3.

Grive Draine, French; Misteldrossel, German; Charla,
Spanish.

More or less common and resident throughout Great

Britain: has extended its range greatly since the time
of Bewick.

Resident, but not abundant, in Ireland.

VES ss Ors = IH Rew SEL

Turdus viscivorus, Linn.

Litho. W. Greve, Berlin-London.

THE SONG-THRUSH.

(TURDUS MUSICUS, Linn.)

Turdus musicus, Naum. 1. p. 262; Macg. u. p. 127; Hewit-
son, 1. p. 81; Yarr. ed. 4, 1. p. 264; Dresser, u. p. 19.

Grive des Vignes, French; Singdrossel, German; Zorzal,
Spanish.

Breeds throughout the British Islands.

In common with all the European species of the
genus Zurdus, our Song-Thrush migrates southwards in
autumn, but seldom entirely leaves the country.

Litho. W. Greve, Berlin-London.

SONG-THRUSH.

Turdus musicus, Linn.

4 “ : Prt hal le
es tig. 16 sie ps 1E aate, ” - < ee We sie BBE or/ Ashes ce eee

oe

THE REDWING.

(TURDUS ILIACUS, Lina.)

Turdus iliacus, Naum. ii. p. 276; Macg. ii. p. 141; Hewitson,
1. p. 87; Yarr. ed. 4, i. p. 268; Dresser, ii. p. 35.

Grive mauvis, French; Rothdrossel, German; Malviz,
Spanish.

A very common autumnal visitor to the British
Islands.
Breeds in Northern Europe and Asia.

“MOpuoy-uriog, Aary "AQ ‘OUgIT

‘Muy ‘snoevtfL snpangy,

OINIMAGAY

iy: Sele

THE FIELDFARE.

(TURDUS PILARIS, Linn.)

Turdus pilaris, Naum. 11. p.296; Macg.u. p.105; Hewitson,
1. p. 84; Yarr. ed. 4,1. p. 272; Dresser, ii. p. 41.

Grive Litorne, French; Wachholder-Drossel, German.

A common winter visitor to the British Islands.
Breeds in Northern Europe and Asia. ~

‘Muy ‘step snp.any,

“Gl tal Wh GIGLI GE al

‘WOpuoy-urptog ‘aaery "AA ‘OUITT

BLACK-THROATED THRUSH.

TURDUS ATRIGULARIS, Temm.

Turdus atrogularis, Temminck, Man. d’Orn i. p. 169 (1820).

Turdus bechsteinu, Naum. 11. p. 310.
Turdus atrigularis, Yarr. ed. 4,1. p. 276; Dresser, u. p. 83.

Merle a gorge noire, French; Schwarzkehlige Drossel,
German.
First recorded as an English bird by the late John

Gould in the ‘ Ibis,’ 1869, p. 128.
An Asiatic species, occasionally straggling into Hurope.

Has occurred once in England.

‘Wopuoy-uTTIeg ‘oAeTD “MA ‘OUITT

&

T
‘Muay, ‘SIeNsiye snpany,

‘ASNYHL GALVOUHL - WOW TE

“4

- -

- 7
ea

.

a
= one

—s <em

tah ee ee
ee -
Se

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‘(yoq) BOILIGIS BjYdID0a4)

‘HSNYHL-ANNOUSD: NWIaaals

ul{leg ‘PAGID “A ‘OUITT 2

SIBERIAN THRUSH.

TURDUS SIBIRICUS, Pall.

Turdus sibiricus, Pallas, Reise Russ. Reichs, iii. App. p. 694
(1776) ; Naum. xii. p. 348; Yarr. ed. 4, i. p. 279, note ;
Dresser, i. p. 87.

Sibirische Drossel, German.

The only capture of this bird, as yet recorded in
Great Britain, is said to have taken place in the winter
of 1860-61, between Guildford and Godalming; the
specimen in question was sent to Mr. F. Bond by a
dealer as a variety of the Redwing. Mr. H. Saunders
(‘ Manual of British Birds,’ p. 12) does not consider the
evidence sufficient to warrant the introduction of this
species into the British list, but mentions that he believed
that another specimen was picked up at Bonchurch in
the winter of 1874. Without any wish to enter into the
much debated question as to what constitutes the claim of
this or of any other bird to a place in the British fauna,
I think that, granting the fact in the present instance,
that a bird of this species was killed in England, the
probability is strongly in favour of its having been a
bona fide traveller, and not an “escaped” bird. At all
events, I do not anticipate that my subscribers will
object to the accompanying plate. The breeding-home

of this species, according to Seebohm * (the only English
writer who, so far as I am aware, treats of it in detail
as a British bird), is in the valleys of the great rivers
Yenesay and Lena in Siberia, between lat. 67° and 68",
and it also breeds in Japan. It winters in China,
Burma, Sumatra, and Java, and has once occurred in
the Andaman Islands. In the work from which I
quote the above localities will be found an account of
the writer’s personal acquaintance with this species,
which is too long to transcribe iz extenso. It amounts
to his having occasionally met with this Thrush in
Siberia, near the village of Koorayika, on the Arctic
Circle, haunting birch-plantations ; it seems that it is
an exceedingly wary bird, and Seebohm only succeeded
in shooting one specimen, a fine male in adult plumage.
It was, however, well known to the inhabitants as the
Black Thrush, or, I should rather say, by two Russian
words with that signification. These natives informed
the author that the bird was by no means uncommon
during the breeding-season at Toorokansk. It is said
to be possessed of a not very loud but sweet song, and
is a favourite cage-bird in Japan. Seebohm concludes
his description of the habits of the species with the
words ‘* Nothing whatever is known of its eggs or nest.”
The volume from which I am quoting is dated 1883,
and I am not aware of any information on the latter
particulars having been recorded since that time. This
Thrush is a very rare straggler into Europe, but
has been met with in various localities in Northern
Germany, in the Hartz Mountains, the island of Riigen,
France, Belgium, Italy, and Turkey.

* ‘British Birds,’ vol. i. pp. 204, 205.

BLACKBIRD.

TURDUS MERULA, Linn.

Turdus merula, Linn. 8. N. i. p. 295 (1766); Naum. ii.
p- 826; Macg. ii. p. 81; Hewitson, i. p. 91; Yarr.
ed. 4, 1. p. 280; Dresser, ii. p. 91.

Merle noir, French; Schwarzdrossel, German; Mirlo,
Merla, Spanish.

Abundant and resident in almost all parts of the
British Islands, its numbers greatly augmented by
autumnal migrations from the continent.

This species is found in most of the countries of
Europe, either as a resident or a winter visitor, and
breeds to my knowledge in Algena. As is the case
with most birds of its family, the Blackbird is a local
migrant in the countries in which it breeds, but differs
from its congeners by seldom, if ever, travelling in
flocks. 1 believe that in favourable circumstances this
species often produces three broods of young in the
year. Enormous numbers of Blackbirds are annually
shot, snared, and netted for the table, in autumn, in
many parts of Southern Europe, notably in the island
of Corsica.

chromo dith

Hoohant

(NAC IEG 1B) IR AD)

lurdus meprula (zum)

THE RING-OUZEL.

(TURDUS TORQUATUS, Linn.)

Turdus torquatus, Nawm. ii. p. 318; Macg. ii. p. 100; Hewit-
son, 1. p.93; Yarr. ed. 4, 1. p. 287; Dresser, 11. p. 113.

Merle « plastron, French ; Ringamsel, Schneeamsel, Ger-

man; Chirlo, Spanish.

A summer migrant to the British Islands, breeding
in mountainous and moorland localities throughout the

three kingdoms.

ENE GeOeUeZ Ic:

Turdus torquatus, Linn.

Litho. W. Greve, Berlin-London.

THE PIED ROCK-THRUSH.

(MONTICOLA SAXATILIS, Newton.)

Turdus saxatilis, Naum. i. p. 348.

Petrocincla saxatilis, Hewitson, i. p.95; Yarr. ed. 4,1. p. 292.
Monticola saxatilis, Dresser, 11. p. 129.

Merle de Roche, French; Stetnmerle, German; Mirlo de
pena, Spanish.

A summer migrant to Southern and South-central
Europe; the recorded occurrence in England is in all
probability that of a bird escaped from captivity.

“MOJNAN' ‘STTYXRS VTOOTIMOTYL

JalS) IO SUsl b= tO) Ose eh il
“wopuorT=UHLI9g QAI "MM OUITT

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Port

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GOLDEN ORIOLE.

ORIOLUS GALBULA, Linn.

Oriolus galbula, Zinn. S. N. i. p. 160 (1760); Naum. i.
p- 171; Macg. ii. p. 73; Hewitson, i. p. 94; Yarr. ed. 4,
i. p. 283; Dresser, ii. p. 365.

Loriot, French; Kirsch-Pirol, German; Oropendola,
Spanish. ;

' This beautiful species is one of the many summer
visitors to the continent of Hurope, which, as I am firmly
persuaded, only requires protection and encouragement
to become tolerably common with us. At present it is
an annual visitor, in small numbers, to our eastern and
southern counties, and has been known to breed in
England on several occasions ; but most of the records
of its appearance in our islands are accompanied by the
statement that the specimen is in the hands of some
“taxidermist,” these artists being, with few exceptions,
always ready to give a good price, and demand a much
better one, for an Oriole, or, indeed, any unfortunate
and uncommon stragegler to our shores.

I have met with the Golden Oriole in many parts of
Europe and in Algeria, but nowhere in such abundance
as in the immediate neighbourhood of Madrid; it
frequents woods and groves, but in my experience avoids
thick forests; it is rather a shy bird, and much more
frequently heard than seen. Its favourite food is fruit
of many kinds, especially figs, cherries, and mulberries ;
but it is, to my knowledge, also a great destroyer of
caterpillars.

J.GKeulemans del. et. Jith. 1 Mintern. Bros . imp:

GOLDEN ORIOLE.

Oriolus galbula , Linn.

J. G Keulemans del. et lith

5
DIPPER.
Cinclus aqua ticus, Bechst.

Mintern. Bros

imp.

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DIPPER,

CINCLUS AQUATICUS, Bechst.

Cinclus aquaticus, Bechst. Orn. Taschenb. i. p. 206 (1802) ;
Naum. ii. p. 925 ; Hewitson, i. p. 77; Yarr. ed. 4, i.
p. 241; Dresser, ii. p. 167.
Cinclus europeus, Macg. ii. p. 50.
Aquassiére, French; Wasseramsel, Wasserschwatzer, Ger-
man; Pordo de Agua, Pechiblanco, Spanish.

This delightful little bird is probably well known to
those of my readers who are addicted to salmon- and
trout-fishing, as the favourite haunts of the Salmonide
are the favourite resorts of the Dipper; in fact, the bird
is accused of devouring the spawn of these fishes, and
has, I grieve to say, been almost exterminated in certain
places on that account. I do not pretend to pronounce
judgment on this subject, but am very strongly inclined
to consider that the damage done by the Dipper has
been grossly exaggerated, and can only say that if I
were the fortunate possessor of a salmon- or trout-river
this merry little bird should be as welcome to take his
share of their produce, as the Herons and Kingfishers
are to theirs of the coarse fishes of our Northampton-

shire Nene.
The Dipper, except for his aquatic habits, much

resembles the Common Wren in character, always in a
hurry, diving into the most rapid streams or boiling pools
below a fall, and ov emerging flying to a stone, often in
mid-stream, whence he pours out a very pleasant song
with continual bobbings and bowings of the body and
jerks of the short tail; one eminently attractive point
about this bird is that his cheery song is continued
throughout the winter months.

The Water-Ousel, as our bird is frequently called, lays
six or seven white eggs early in the year, in a large
shapeless nest of green moss and dry leaves, with an
aperture on one side of it; this structure is usually
placed among stones on a ledge of rock in the close
neighbourhood of running water, sometimes in an old
stone wall, and not uncommonly actually under, or, as I
should perhaps say, behind, a waterfall.

yO\

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3

BLACK-BELLIED DIPPER.

CINCLUS MELANOGASTER, C. L. Brehm.

Cinclus melanogaster, C. L. Brehm, Lehr. eur. Vég. 1. p. 289
(1823); Naum. xii. p. 188; Yarr. ed. 4, 1. p. 244;
Dresserie plaids

Sturnus cinclus, Linn. 8. N. 1. p. 290 (1766).

This, the common Scandinavian race of Dipper, has
occasionally occurred in the east of England, and is
reported to have been found in the Pyrenees. I pre-
sume that its habits are in all respects similar to those
of our indigenous British race, but I have no personal
acquaintance with it, and am not in any way disposed
to look upon it as a distinct species.

“UYOI TT) “TIISVS OUR] our SY UT’)

“dadddid GaVvITHa sav Te

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103

PIED or COMMON WAGTAIL,

MOTACILLA LUGUBRIS, Temm.

Motacilla lugubris, Temm. Man. d’Orn. i. p. 253 (1820).
Motacilla yarrelli, Nawm. xii. p. 114; Macg. i. p. 225.
Motacilla yarrelli, Hewitson, i. p. 163.

Motacilla lugubris, Yarr. ed. 4,1. p. 538; Dresser, i. p. 239.

Lavandiere, French; Schwarze Bachstelze, German ; Neve-
rilla, Spanish.

This well-known and charming bird I can only con-
sider as a local race of Motacilla alba; its range appears
to be virtually limited to our islands and the extreme
west of the continent of Europe.

In common with most, if not all, of our purely insec-
tivorous birds, it is a local migrant; but, as far as I
am aware, has not hitherto been met with south of the
Mediterranean.

Minternm Bros. imp.

JG Keuiemans del. et Jith,

PIED or COMMON WAGTAIL.
Motacilla lagubris, lemm.

lo
(a)

GREY-BACKED WAGTAIL.

MOTACILLA ALBA, Linn.

Motacilla alba, Zinn. 8. N. i. p. 331 (1766); Nawm. iii.
p- 803; Macg. ii. p. 221; Hewitson, i. p. 165; Yarr.
ed. 4,1. p. 548; Dresser, i. p. 233.

Lavandiére, Hochequeue grise, French; Weisse Bachstelze,
German ; Agua nieves, Lavandera, Pispita, Spanish.

A common summer visitor to England, especially to
the eastern and southern counties. This is the prevalent
form of Pied Wagtail on the continent of Europe, and
exactly resembles our Common English Wagtail in
habits and note.

I found these Grey-backed Wagtails more common at
Dover in the summer of 1853 than the other race, and
have excellent reason for feeling certain that the two
forms often mterbreed; but, as a general rule, this
Grey-backed bird leaves us in winter, whilst the
Common Wagtail frequently remains in sheltered situa-
tions favourable to the winter existence of insects.

dunt

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GREY WAGTAIL.

MOTACILLA SULPHUREA, Bechst.

Motacilla Melanope, Pall. Reise Russ. Reichs, iii. p. 696
(1776); Dresser, iii. p. 251.

Motacilla sulphurea, Bechst. Gemeinn. Naturg.Vég. Deutschl.
li. p. 459 (1807); Naum. iii. p. 824; Yarr. ed. 4, 1.
p- 552.

Motacilla boarula, Macg. ii. p. 235; Hewitson, i. p. 167.

Bergeronnette jaune, French; Graue Bachstelze, German ;
Agua nieves amarilla, Pepita, Spanish.

This species, for which ‘“ Long-tailed” would be a
much more appropriate designation than that by which
it is commonly known, breeds in many parts of England
and Scotland, and during the summer is generally to be
found in hilly districts, frequenting the banks of clear
and rapid streams. In the autumn and winter this bird
may be met with in most parts of the country, chiefly
haunting the vicinity of water.

In Ireland, according to Thompson, it is extensively,
though not universally, distributed.

Mintern Bros. imp.

) JUV. SUTUTUE,

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ila sulphurea., Bechst .

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J. & Keulemans del. et ith

. winter.

GREY WAGTAIL.&, ¢

Motacilla sulphurea , Bechst .

BLUE-HEADED WAGTAIL.

MOTACILLA FLAVA, Linn.

Motacilla flava, Linn. S. N. i. p. 331 (1766) ; Naum. iii.
p. 839; Hewitson, i. p. 168; Yarr. ed. 4, 1. p. 558;
Dresser, ui. p. 261.

Budytes flava, Macg. ii. p. 208.

Bergeronnette de printemps, French; Gelbe Bachsielze,
German ; Nevatilla, Martinica, Spanish.

A very abundant summer visitor to most parts of the
continent of Europe; frequently met with, but probably
more frequently overlooked, in our islands. ‘The nest of
this bird has been met with more than once in England.
In its habits this bird exactly resembles the common
English race, Motacilla rait.

Mintern Bros. imp.

hth.

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J.G Keulemans

TAIL.

Motacilla flava, [inn .

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GREY-HEADED YELLOW WAGTAIL.

MOTACILLA BOREALIS, Sundev.

Motacilla flava borealis, Sundevall, Ofv. K. Vet.-Ak. Handl.
1840, p. 53.
Motacilla viridis, Gray et auct.; Dresser, 111. p. 269.

This is a form of Yellow Wagtail found in Scan-
dinavia, North Russia, and Siberia, extending its winter
migration to South Africa, the plains of India, Burmah,
and the Malay Penimsula. ‘Two specimens have been
reported from Penzance.

In general appearance it is very like IZ. flava, but
has no white superciliary stripe. [O. S.]

Tniapung ‘sljeai10q PL[IOBJop

“NWLOWM MOTTIFA AaCYaAH-AAND

MYLIOH TOAD AQ COUNTY

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Litho. W. Greve, Berlin.

TREE-PIPIT.

Anthus arboreus (&melin).

TREE-PIPIT.

ANTHUS ARBOREUS (Gmelin).

Alauda arborea, Gmelin, Syst. Nat. i. p. 793; Macg. ii.
p..174; Hewitson, 1. p. 179.

Anthus arboreus, Naum. iii. p. 758.

Anthus trivialis, Yarr. ed. 4,1. p. 569; Dresser, ii. p. 309.

Pipit des arbres, French ; Baum-Pieper, German ; Cinceta,
Pispita, Spanish.

This well-known bird is a common spring visitor to
most of our English counties, as well as to certain
parts of Scotland, but is scarce in the north of the
latter kingdom, and, according to Mr. H. Saunders,
had not been obtained in Ireland at the time of the
publication of his ‘Manual’ in 1889. With us, in
Northamptonshire, this bird is exceedingly common,
and amongst our country-folk often does duty as the
“ Wood-Lark,” though perhaps it is more generally
known by the name of “'Titlark,” the common desig-
nation of the Meadow-Pipit. I may mention that the
genuine Wood-Lark is a very rare bird in our neigh-
bourhood ; and as we have no common-lands or heaths,
the Meadow-Pipit is not abundant.

The present species arrives in the first or second
week of April, and frequents for the most part well-

timbered pasture-lands. The nest is placed on the
ground, and is a neat structure of moss and dry bents,
lined with hair. The eggs vary greatly in colour, but
those of the same pair of birds as a rule closely re-
semble each other; as, however, they are well known,
I do not attempt to describe them.

The Tree-Pipit is remarkable amongst its congeners
from its constant habit of perching on trees and singing
from its perch, after a while launching itself off with
outspread wings, hovering, still singing, in the air, and
finally returning to its perch or slowly descending to
the ground. The song, though somewhat wanting in
sweetness, is by no means unpleasant, and has a certain
faint resemblance to that of the Sky-Lark. Altogether
this is a very lively and attractive bird, that would be
very much missed in our country as one of the many
pleasant associations of pleasant summer-time. The
nest of the Tree-Pipit is one of those most frequently
selected by Cuckoos for the intrusion of their eggs.

MEADOW-PIPIT.

ANTHUS PRATENSIS (Linn.).

Alauda pratensis, Linn. 8. N. 1. p. 287 (1766).

Anthus pratensis, Naum. ii. p. 774; Macg. u. p. 181;
Hewitson, t. p. 1738; Yarr. ed. 4, 1. p. 575; Dresser, ii.
p. 285.

Pipi des Prés, French; Wiesen-Pieper, German ; Alfarfera,
Pasita, Titerella, Spanish.

This little bird is a permanent resident throughout
Great Britain and Ireland, and, under the name of
Titlark, is probably as well known as any British bird.
In the summer it frequents uncultivated land of any
kind from the highest heather-clad mountains of the
Scottish Highlands to the pastures and meadows of
our southern counties; but, in common with all other
insectivorous birds, shifts its quarters according to the
season, and may, in winter, be occasionally found in
great numbers on our coasts.

The nest of the Meadow-Pipit, which is almost
invariably situated on the ground, is one of those most
frequently selected by the Cuckoo as a laying-place ;
and these Pipits certainly show more inimical attention
to this vagrant usurper than is usual with any other

species of my acquaintance.

ee ee

‘(umT) Stsusyeard snyquy
“LIidiId-MOCGVGN

hur: soug waayuyy “Yat 39 Pp sueuByMay 5 'P

RED-THROATED PIPIT.

ANTHUS CERVINUS (Paill.).

Motacilla cervina, Pall. Zoogr. Rosso-As. 1. p. 511 (1811).
Anthus cervinus, Naum. xii. p. 97; Yarr. ed. 4, i. p. 579;
Dresser, ii. p. 299.

Der rothkehlige Pieper, German.

This bird, whose breeding-haunts in Europe appear
to be confined to the extreme north and north-east of
that continent, has been recorded to have occurred
thrice in our islands, but is very possibly more common
on migration therein than is generally supposed. My
acquaintance with it is confined to the eastern shores
of the Mediterranean, on many parts of which it passes
the winter and early spring. As far as I have had
opportunities for observation, its habits resemble very
closely those of our well-known Meadow-Pipit (Anthus
pratensis).

‘cur

* BOTET

ULL Ay

“(TPqd) Snutastes sny yy
“LidId GUIVOUHL—- Cay

“YU, Ja [sp siweurapney’5

p

2s

‘(um eyejodids snyjuy
‘LIidId ANIAMTV

alpieg ‘eA019 *M *OUjTT

ALPINE PIPIT.

ANTHUS SPIPOLETTA (Linn.).

Alauda spinoletta, Linn. 8. N. 1. p. 288 (1766).
Anthus aquaticus, Naum. ii. p. 789, xiii. pp. 104, 110.
Anthus spipoletta, Yarr. ed. 4, 1. p. 581.

Anthus spinoletta, Dresser, ii. p. 335.

Pipi spioncelle, Farlouse spioncelle, Pipi spipolette, French ;
Alpen-Pieper, German; Tordino, Alfarfero, Spanish.

I have adopted the above designation for this species
in preference to that of Water-Pipit, for the simple
reason that all the European species of the genus
Anthus frequent the sea-shores and alluvial flats in
autumn and winter, and are, with very few exceptions,
at all seasons fond of the neighbourhood of water,
whilst the present bird, during the breeding-season, is
seldom, if ever, to be met with, except amongst moun-
tains of a considerable elevation. Four instances only
of the occurrence of this bird in England have hitherto
been recorded, all in the county of Sussex, but it is
more than probable that other such occurrences have
passed unnoticed. My personal acquaintance with the
Alpine Pipit is confined to having seen a few in various

localities of the Italian Alps and Pyrenees, and one m a
marsh near Larnaca. I had very favourable opportu-
nities, however, for observation of its habits, during a
stay of some days, in the early summer of 1867, at the
hydropathic establishment at Panticosa, in Aragon, at
which place we arrived before the regular bathing-season
had set in, in fact, we were the first visitors of the year,
and the huge hotel with its 300 beds was, as the manager
informed us, “completely at our disposition with every-
thing that it contained.” The building stands on a small
stone-strewn plateau at the head of the valley of Tena,
and is, according to the hand-books, about 8000 feet
above sea-level ; a small lake or tarn lies within a short
distance of the front of the building, and the space of
flat ground that lay between them was, at the time
above-mentioned, the abode of two or three pairs of
Alpine Pipits. My attention was first attracted to them
by their note, which is sharper and more sibilant than
that of the Tree-Pipit—the species of this family with
which I am best acquainted; it is considerably more
powerful than that of the Meadow-Pipit, to which it,
however, has a close resemblance.

These Alpine Pipits have but a poor song, which, in
the case to which I am referring, was generally uttered
from the top of a stone, or durig a short hovering
flight; on the ground their actions seemed to us very
like those of the Tree-Pipit. J could not find a nest,
though there must have been at least two, probably
more, uncer the huge stones that lay singly or in piled
masses on the little grassy plain; the birds were
decidedly wary, and evidently very cautious about

\L%

approaching their nests. Some eggs, which probably
belonged to this species, were brought to me by a lad,
but all he could tell me about them was that he had
found them on the ground, and that they were laid by
a “pajarita,’—an undoubted fact, which, as my readers
will admit, was hardly sufficient to entitle them to a
place in my egg-collection.

ROCK-PIPIT.

ANTHUS OBSCURUS (Lath.).

Alauda obscura, Latham, Ind. Orn. i. p. 494 (1790).
Anthus aquaticus, Macg. ii. p. 191; Hewitson, i. p. 174.
Anthus obscurus, Yarr. ed. 4, 1. p.586; Dresser, i. p. 343.

Pipi obscur, French; Strand-Pieper, German.

This species is a common resident on all the rocky
portions of our coasts, and, indeed, in the winter is to
be found almost anywhere in the neighbourhood of salt
water. The nest is generally placed in a crevice of rock
or amongst the grasses or other low vegetation within a
short distance of the sea. I found a nest built among
the marram-grass on a sand-cliff at Bournemouth, within
5 or 6 feet of a constantly frequented path, and in a
locality not sufficiently steep to secure it from the intru-
sion of any passing dog or cat. I have, however, good
reason to believe that the old bird took off her brood in
safety.

‘urpteg ‘eaerg

“M ‘OU!T

‘CuPT) Snanosqo snywy

MAUS Tel cle SOG a

eee"

I
(

UTMeg ‘aaatng “A, ‘OUI T

cG

4207) SNIndsqo snywy

‘LIdId—-MOON

ase

pre

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-

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AES dint cea pire

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Litho. W. Greve, Berlin.

TAWNY PIPIT.

Anthus campestris (Linn.).

TAWNY PIPIT.

ANTHUS CAMPESTRIS (Linn.).

Alauda campestris, Linn. S. N. i. p. 288 (1766).
Anthus campestris, Nawm. iii. p. 745; Yarr. ed. 4, 1. p. 592;
Dresser, iii. p. 317.

Pipit rousseline, French; Brach-Pieper, German; Calan-
drina, Spanish.

This bird, although reported to be an annual summer
visitor to the north of France, and to Holland, can only
be considered as an uncommon straggler to our country.
I find that Mr. H. Saunders records the occurrence of
some sixteen or seventeen specimens, of which number
all but two were obtained in autumn in the neighbour-
hood of Brighton. My own principal acquaintance with
this Pipit was formed in Central and Northern Spain,
where it is by no means uncommon on sandy wastes ;
I never met with it on cultivated ground. In compari-
son with the other species of the genus Anthus, this is
a shy and retiring bird, chiefly remarkable for its loud
single alarm-note. I never met with it in great abund-
ance, but in certain districts could always make sure of
finding three or four pairs in a day’s ramble. I observe
that Mr. Saunders credits this bird with “a poor and

monotonous song,’ but I never heard any notes uttered
by a Tawny Pipit that would merit even this desig-
nation. On the ground this bird is very nimble, and
will run for long distances before a pursuer, always
taking good care to keep out of gunshot-range. In
spite of diligent search, I only found one nest that I
could with certainty attribute to this species; it was
placed between two large clods of sandy earth near a
horse-track, was composed of dry root-fibres, lined with
goat’s-hair, and contained four eggs of a dull creamy
white profusely blotched and streaked with ash-grey
markings.

RICHARD’S PIPIT.

ANTHUS RICHARDI, Vieill.

Anthus richardi, Vieillot, Nouv. Dict. d’Hist. Nat. xxvi.
p. 491 (1818); Macg. ii. p. 199; Hewitson, i. p. 175;
Yarr. ed. 4,1. p. 598; Dresser, ii. p. 325.

Pipit Richard, French; Stelzenpieper, Spornpieper, Ger-
man.

An uncommon autumnal visitor to this country, in
which most, though by no means all, of its recorded
captures have occurred near the sea.

According to various authors, Richard’s Pipit has a
wide range over Asia and Europe, and breeds almost
throughout the central districts of the first-named con-
tinent.

— EOE

“ype “Tpareyold ST Ua
‘LildId S,QYVHOIY

durt ; Soa Ue PUA, YATT 49 “Sp SUBS Tay ‘4 Ye

aay
¥

OF THE

BIRDS OF THE BRITISH ISLANDS

ISSUED BY

LORD LILFORD, F.Z8. &c.,

PRESIDENT OF THE BRITISH ORNITHOLOGISTS’ UNION.

\ eg
a

LONDON:
R. H. PORTER, 18 PRINCES STREET, CAVENDISH SQUARE, W.

1889.

PART XI] [SEPTEMBER 1889.
COLOURED FIGURES
|
|
|
|
|

4 =
re Bias (5 ae
FN NE SI RR TSE FR I IEEE LJ

PRINTED BY TAYLOR AND FRANCIS,] Price 9s. 6d. [RED LION COURT, FLEET SREET.

CONTENTS OF PART XI

KITE. BLACK-BREASTED DIPPER.

Mitvus reearis (Pall.). CINCLUS MELANOGASTER,

[C. L. Brehm.

RUFOUS WARBLER. SHORT-EARED OWL. .

A&DON GALAcToDES (Temm.). Asto pracuyotus (Forster).
GREY orn HOODED CROW. GOLDEN-EYE.

Corvus cornix, Linn. FuLieguLA cLANGULA (Linn.).
BARNACLE GOOSE. TAWNY, BROWN, orn WOOD-OWL.

ANSER LEucopsIs (Bechst.). Syrnium atuco (Linn.).
EAGLE-OWL. RED-THROATED PIPIT.

Buso maximus, Fleming. Antuus cervines (Pall.).
DIPPER. PURPLE HERON.

Cincius aquaticus, Bechst. ARDEA PURPUREA, Linn.

Demy 8vo. «Price 2s., post-free.

BRITISH BIRDS
KEY ise

BY

LIEUT.-COLONEL L. HOWARD IRBY,

AUTHOR OF ‘ ORNITHOLOGY OF THE STRAITS OF GIBRALTAR.’

THis attempt at a “Key List” of British Birds is not
intended to be of use to scientific ornithologists ; but the
compiler hopes it may be useful to those having a slight
knowledge of birds, so as to enable them to determine a
species without having to search through bulky volumes.

Every endeavour has been made to avoid scientific terms
and to be as concise as possible.

Those American land-birds hitherto included in “ British ”’
lists have been omitted, and others might with propriety be
struck out—such as specimens escaped from captivity, or
included without sufficient inquiry as to their authenticity.

As far as possible, the nomenclature and arrangement of
the ‘ Ibis’ List have been adhered to.

“This little work, compiled by one of our best practical Ornitho-
logists and sportsmen, is intended for the use of those who already
have a slight knowledge of birds, but require a handy guide to the
diagnostic characters of the species as a companion when travelling.
It promises to be most useful, and certainly represents a great deal
of research in a small compass—-NEARLY PERFECT.” Atheneum.

“This work, written by an excellent practical ornithologist, is
likely to proye of great service, owing to the large amount of infor-
mation compressed into a small compass.”—Tbis.

‘Has supplied a real want—a hand pocket-book giving just the
diagnostic characters of every species. It is a desirable supplement
to the ‘ List of British Birds, published by the British Ornithologists’
Union, which dealt with the nomenclature of the various species, but
which might also with advantage have contained diagnoses, such as
Colonel Irby’s industry has now supplied.”—WNature.

“Many boys, and many men also, who are lovers of the country,
have felt the need of a guide to our native birds, which, whilst
neither prolix nor technical, should yet contain sufiicient infor-
mation to enable them to identify birds when in doubt. This handy
little book of sixty pages will suit such inquirers.”—Bell’s Weekly
Messenger.

LONDON:

R. H. PORTER, 18 PRINCES STREET, CAVENDISH
SQUARE, W.
1888.

PRESIDENT OF THE BRITISH ORNITHOLOGISTS UNION.

& en

LONDON:
R. H. PORTER, 18 PRINCES STREET, CAVENDISH SQUARE, W.

PART XII.] [JANUARY 1890.
| COLOURED FIGURES
BIRDS OF THE BRITISH ISLANDS,
ISSUED BY . |
LORD LILFORD, F.ZS. &c.,

1890.
bx 3 x

PRINTED BY TAYLOR AND FRANCIS, ] Price 9s. 6d. [RED LION COURT, FLEET STREET.

CONTENTS QF PART Xix

MAGPIE.

Pica caupata, Fleming.

SPOONBILL.

PLATALEA LEUCORODIA, Linn.

ROLLER.

CoRACIAS GARRULA, Linn.

OYSTER-CATCHER or SEA-PIE.

Ha&Matorus ostRaLecus, Linn.

PEREGRINE FALCON. (2 Piartzs.)

- Fatco PereGrinus, Tunsiall.

|
|

COMMON CRANE.

Grus communis, Bechsi.

DEMOISELLE CRANE.

Grus virco (Linn.).

| GANNET.

Sua Bassana (Linn.).

| KNOT. (2 Purarzs.)

|

TrincGA caNnutus, Linn.

RAZORBILL.

Aca ToRDA, Linn.

Demy 8vo. Price 2s., post-free.

BREtisSt BIRDS:
Bier LIST.

BY

LIEUT.-COLONEL L. HOWARD IRBY,

AUTHOR OF ‘ ORNITHOLOGY OF TIE STRAITS OF GIBRALTAR.

THis attempt at a “Key List” of British Birds is not
intended to be of use to scientific ornithologists; but the
compiler hopes it may be useful to those having a slight
knowledge of birds, so as to enable them to determine a
species without having to search through bulky volumes.

Every endeavour has been made to avoid scientific terms
and to be as concise as possible.

Those American Jand-birds hitherto included in “ Bence sf
lists have been omitted, and others might with propriety be
struck out—such as specimens escaped from captivity, or
included without sufficient inquiry as to their authenticity.

As far as possible, the nomenclature and arrangement of
the ‘ Ibis’ List have been adhered to.

“This little work, compiled by one of our best practical Ornitho-
logists and sportsmen, is intended for the use of those who already
have a slight knowledge of birds, but require a handy guide to the
diagnostic characters of the species as a companion when travelling.
It promises to be most useful, and certainly represents a great deal
of research in a small compass—-NEARLY PERFECT.”— Atheneum.

“This work, written by an excellent practical ornithologist, is
likely to prove of great service, owing to the LARGE AMOUNT OF INFOR-
MATION COMPRESSED INTO A SMALL Compass.”—Tbis.

‘HAs SUPPLIED A REAL WANT—a hand pocket-book giving just the
diagnostic characters of every species. It is a desirable supplement
to the ‘ last of British Birds,’ published by the British Ornithologists’
Union, which dealt with the nomenclature of the various species, but
which might also with advantage have contained diagnoses, sUcH 4s
CotonEL Irpy’s INDUSTRY HAS NOW SUPPLIED.”—Vature.

‘Many boys, and many men also, who are lovers of the country,
have felt the need of a guide to our native birds, which, whilst
neither prolix nor technical, should yet contain sufficient infor-
mation to enable them to identify birds when in doubt. Tis HANDY
LITTLE BOOK OF SIXTY PAGES WILL SUIT SUCH INQUIRERS.”—Bell’s Weekly
Messenger.

LONDON:

R. H. PORTER, 18 PRINCES STREET, CAVENDISH
SQUARE, W.

aoe Pe ee

COLOURED FIGURES
BIRDS OF THE BRITISH ISLANDS.

PRESIDENT OF THE BRITISH ORNITHOLOGISTS UNION.

ee
——

LONDON:
R. H. PORTER, 18 PRINCES STREET, CAVENDISH SQUARE, W.

1890.

5 . «
Fe 5

PRINTED BY TAYLOR AND FRANCIS, ] Price 9s. 6 d. [RED LION COURT, FLEET STREET.

CONTENTS OF PART OX EE

WHITE-TAILED or SEA-EAGLE.

Ha iabtus ALBicinya (Linn.) *.

HAWK-OWL.

SURNIA FUNEREA (Linn.).

LESSER REDPOLL.

FRINGILLA RUFESCENS (Vieill.).

TWITE orn MOUNTAIN-LINNET.

FRINGILLA FLAVIROSTRIS, Linn.

GOLDEN PLOVER.

CHARADRIUS PLUVIALIS, Linn.

AVOCET.

REcURVIROSTRA AVOCETTA, Linn.

BLACK-WINGED STILT.

HIMANTOPUS MELANOPTERUS,
[ Meyer.

GARGANEY oz SUMMER TEAL.

Anas crrcra, Linn.

PINTAIL.

Anas acuta, Linn.

BUFF-BACKED HERON.

ARDEA BUBULCUS, Audouin.

POCHARD.

Fuicu.a FERINA (Linn.).

TUFTED DUCK.

Fourieura cristata (Leach).

* The Plate of the adult bird, H. albicilla, will be issued in a future Part.

Demy 8vo. Price 2s., post-free.

BRITISH BIRDS
KEY Lise

BY
LIEUT.-COLONEL L. HOWARD IRBY,

AUTHOR OF ‘ ORNITHOLOGY OF THE STRAITS OF GIBRALTAR.’

THis attempt at a “Key List” of British Birds is not
intended to be of use to scientific ornithologists ; but the
compiler hopes it may be useful to those having a slight
knowledge. of birds, so as to enable them to determine a
species without having to search through bulky volumes.

Every endeavour has been made to avoid scientific terms
and to be as concise as possible.

Those American Jand-birds hitherto included in “ British”
lists have been omitted, and others might with propriety be
struck out—such as specimens escaped from captivity, or
included without sufficient inquiry as to their authenticity.

As far as possible, the nomenclature and arrangement of
the ‘ Ibis’? List have been adhered to.

“ This little work, compiled by one of our best practieal Ornitho-
logists and sportsmen, is intended for the use of those who already
have a slight knowledge of birds, but require a handy guide to the
diagnostic characters of the species as a companion when travelling.

It promises to be most useful, and certainly represents a great deal
of research in a small compass—NEARLY PERFECT.”— Atheneum.

“This work, written by an excellent practical ornithologist, is
likely to prove of great service, owing to the LARGE AMOUNT OF INFOR-
MATION COMPRESSED INTO A SMALL compass.” —Tbis.

“Hs SUPPLIED A REAL WANT—a hand pocket-book giving just the
diagnostic characters of every species. It is a desirable supplement
to the ‘ List of British Birds, published by the British Ornithologists’
Union, which dealt with the nomenclature of the various species, but
which might also with advantage have contained diagnoses, sucH As
CotonEL Irpy’s INDUSTRY HAS NOW SUPPLIED.”—Vature.

‘Many boys, and many men also, who are lovers of the country,
have felt the need of a guide to our native birds, which, whilst
neither prolix nor technical, should yet contain sufficient infor-
mation to enable them to identify birds when in doubt. Tuts Hanpy
LITTLE BOOK OF SIXTY PAGES WILL SUIT SUCH INQUIRERS. ’— Bell’s Weekly
Messenyer,

LONDON:

R. H. PORTER, 18 PRINCES STREET, CAVENDISH
SQUARE, W.

WH
@

PART XIV. | [MAY 1890.

COLOURED FIGURES

OF THE

BIRDS OF THE BRITISH ISLANDS

ISSUED BY

LORD LILFORD, F.Z.8. &c.,

PRESIDENT OF THE BRITISH ORNITHOLOGISTS’ UNION.
(be eee
a a

LONDON:
R. H. PORTER, 18 PRINCES STREET, CAVENDISH SQUARE, W.

1890. |
\bx «
of Se ee ee

PRINTED BY TAYLOR AND FRANCIS. ] Price 9s. 6d. [RED LION COURT, FLEET STREET.

TO THE SUBSCRIBERS.

As several Subscribers, who obtain copies of this Work through
other Booksellers, have expressed a desire that their names should
appear in the next printed list of Subscribers, we beg to inform
such that, if they will kindly send their names to the Publisher,
their wishes will be cheerfully acceded to.

CONTENTS OF PART Xi

SISKIN. SCARLET GROSBEAK.
Frincitia spinus, Linn. PyYRRHULA ERYTHRINA, Pallas.
GREENFINCH. WHITE-EYED POCHARD.
FRINGILLA CHLORIS, Briss. Fouricuta nyroca (Giild.).
BARN-OWL. CORN-CRAKE or LAND-RAIL.
STRIX FLAMMEA, Linn. ; Crex PRATENSIS, Bechst.
MARSH-HARRIER. TURNSTONE.
Circus zRvuGINosus (Linn.). STREPSILAS INTERPRES (Linn.).
ROUGH-LEGGED BUZZARD. PECTORAL SANDPIPER.
Burro tacorus (J. F. Gmelin). Trinea MacuLata, Vieill.
WOODCOCK.

ScoLopax RusticuLa, Linn.

As the first Plate given of this species does not altogether satisfy me as representing
an average specimen of the bird, I publish a second, which will, I hope, meet with the
approval of those Subscribers to whom the Woodcock is but little known in the summer
months.

Demy 8vo. Price 2s., post-free.

BRITISH BIRDS
REY Lied:

BY

LIEUT.-COLONEL L. HOWARD IRBY,

AUTHOR OF ‘ ORNITHOLOGY OF THE STRAITS OF GIBRALTAR.

THis attempt at a “ Key List” of British Birds is not
intended to be of use to scientific ornithologists; but the
compiler hopes it may be useful to those having a slight
knowledge of birds, so as to enable them to determine a
species without having to search through bulky volumes.

Every endeavour has been made to avoid scientific terms
and to be as concise as possible.

Those American land-birds hitherto included in “ British ”’
lists have been omitted, and others might with propriety be
struck out—such as specimens escaped from captivity, or
included without sufficient inquiry as to their authenticity.

As far as possible, the nomenclature and arrangement of
the ‘ Ibis’ List have been adhered to.

“ This little work, compiled by one of our best practical Ornitho-
logists and sportsmen, is intended for the use of those who already
have a slight knowledge of birds, but require a handy guide to the
diagnostic characters of the species as a companion when travelling.
It promises to be most useful, and certainly represents a great deal
of research in a small compass—-NEARLY PERFECT.”— Atheneum.

“This work, written by an excellent practical ornithologist, is
likely to prove of great service, owing to the LARGE AMOUNT OF INFOR-
MATION COMPRESSED INTO A SMALL compass.”—ZTbis.

‘Has SUPPLIED A REAL wANT—a hand pocket-book giving just the
diagnostic characters of every species. It is a desirable supplement
to the ‘ List of British Birds, published by the British Ornithologists’
Union, which dealt with the nomenclature of the various species, but
which might also with advantage have contained diagnoses, sucH As
CoLonEL Igpy’s INDUSTRY HAS NOW SUPPLIED.”—WVature.

‘“‘ Many boys, and many men also, who are lovers of the country,
have felt the need of a guide to our native birds, which, whilst
neither prolix nor technical, should yet contain sufficient infor-
mation to enable them to identify birds when in doubt. Tuts Hanpy
LITTLE BOOK OF SIXTY PAGES WILL SUIT SUCH INQUIRERS.”’— Bell's Weekly
Messenger,

LON DOR:
R. H. PORTER, 18 PRINCES STREET, CAVENDISH
SQUARE, W.

PART XV.] [JULY 1890.

COLOURED FIGURES

OF THE

BIRDS OF TILE BRITISH ISLANDS.

ISSUED BY

LORD LILFORD, F.ZS. &c.,

PRESIDENT OF THE BRITISH ORNITHOLOGISTS’ UNION.

LONDON:
R. H. PORTER, 18 PRINCES STREET, CAVENDISH SQUARE, W.

1890.

PRINTED BY TAYLOR AND FRANCIS, ] Price 9s. 6d. [RED LION COURT, FLEET STREET.

TO THE SUBSCRIBERS.

As several Subscribers, who obtain copies of this Work through
other Booksellers, have expressed a desire that their names should

appear in the next printed list of Subscribers, we beg to inform
such that, if they will kindly send their names to the Publisher,

their wishes will be cheerfully acceded to.

CONTENTS: OF PART

ORPHEAN WARBLER.

SYLVIA ORPHEA, Temm.

BARRED WARBLER.

Syitvia nisoriA (Bechst.).

ROCK-PIPIT.

Antuus opscurvs (Lath.).

LESSER GREY SHRIKE.

Lantus minor, J. F. Gmelin.

WOODCHAT.

Lanivus rutitus, Lath.

RED-BREASTED FLYCATCHER.

Muoscicapa parva, Bechst.

ROCK-CREEPER.

TicHoDROMA MURARIA (Lini.).

GOLDFINCH.

CaRDUELIS ELEGANS, Stephens.

MEALY REDPOLL.

FRiInGILLA LinariA, Linn.

WIGEHON.

Mareca PENELOPE (Linn.).

GADWALL.

ANAS STREPERA, Linn.

SCAUP.

Furicuta Mariza (Linn.).

posal ulcoeranedenaes

Demy 8vo. Price 2s., post-free.

BRITISH BIRDaS
KEY LIST.

BY
LIEUT.-COLONEL L. HOWARD IRBY,

AUTHOR OF ‘ ORNITHOLOGY OF THE STRAITS OF GIBRALTAR.

Tus attempt at a “Key List” of British Birds is not
intended to be of use to scientific ornithologists ; but the
compiler hopes it may be useful to those having a slight
knowledge of birds, so as to enable them to determine a
species without having to search through bulky volumes.

Every endeavour has been made to avoid scientific terms
and to be as concise as possible.

Those American land-birds hitherto included in “ British”’
lists have been omitted, and others might with propriety be
struck out—such as specimens escaped from captivity, or
included without sufficient inquiry as to their authenticity.

As far as possible, the nomenclature and arrangement of
the ‘ Ibis” List have been adhered to.

“« This little work, compiled by one of our best practical Ornitho-
logists and sportsmen, is intended for the use of those who already
have a slight knowledge of birds, but require a handy guide to the
diagnostic characters of the species as a companion when travelling.
It promises to be most useful, and certainly represents a great deal
of research in a small compasS—NEARLY PERFECT.”—Atheneum.

“This work, written by an excellent practical ornithologist, is
likely to prove of great service, owing to the LARGE AMOUNT OF INFOR-
MATION COMPRESSED INTO A SMALL compass.”—Tbis.

“Hs SUPPLIED A REAL WANT—a hand pocket-book giving just the
diagnostic characters of every species. It is a desirable supplement
to the ‘ List of British Birds,’ published by the British Ornithologists’
Union, which dealt with the nomenclature of the various species, but
which might also with advantage have contained diagnoses, sucH As
CoLonEL Irpy’s INDUSTRY HAS Now sUPPLiEeD.”—Nature.

“Many boys, and many men also, who are lovers of the country,
have felt the need of a guide to our native birds, which, whilst
neither prolix nor technical, should yet contain sufficient infor-
mation to enable them to identify birds when in doubt. THis HANDY
LITTLE BOOK OF SIXTY PAGES WILL SUIT SUCH INQUIRERS.”— Bell's Weekly
Messenger,

LOAN DOIN

R. H. PORTER, 18 PRINCES STREET, CAVENDISH
, SQUARE, W.

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AMNH LIBRARY

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